Chandigarh: North India is preparing for the arrival of Nautapa, the traditional nine-day spell considered the hottest period of summer, beginning May 25 and lasting until June 2. Weather experts have warned that the coming days could bring extreme heatwave conditions, strong hot winds and serious health concerns across several northern states.
The term Nautapa comes from the words “nau” meaning nine and “tapa” meaning heat, and is closely linked to traditional weather beliefs in Rajasthan. It marks the phase when the sun enters the Rohini constellation, historically associated with the most intense summer temperatures. Though rooted in folklore, the period often coincides with scientifically observed peak pre-monsoon heating across northwest India.
According to current weather forecasts, states including Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh and parts of Rajasthan are likely to experience harsh daytime temperatures ranging between 40 and 44 degrees Celsius, with some pockets potentially recording even higher readings. Nights are also expected to remain unusually warm, offering little relief from the daytime heat.
The India Meteorological Department has forecast prolonged dry weather during this period, with isolated thunderstorms and scattered rain possible only in limited areas. Officials have also warned that hot, dusty winds known locally as loo may intensify conditions, especially during afternoon hours.
Cities such as Chandigarh, Mohali, Ludhiana, Amritsar, Hisar, Sirsa, Jodhpur and Bikaner are expected to face particularly challenging conditions as the mercury continues to rise.
While the IMD does not officially classify the event under the traditional Nautapa label, meteorologists acknowledge that this period generally overlaps with India’s most severe pre-monsoon heat patterns. Some cultural beliefs also associate a strong Nautapa with the possibility of a healthy monsoon season later in the year.
Health experts have urged residents to exercise caution throughout the nine-day stretch. People have been advised to avoid outdoor activity between noon and 4 pm, when temperatures are expected to peak. Staying hydrated through water and electrolyte-rich fluids is considered essential, while caffeinated and alcoholic beverages should be avoided as they can increase dehydration.
Wearing loose cotton clothing, covering the head when outdoors and seeking shade as much as possible are also recommended. Vulnerable groups such as children, senior citizens, outdoor workers and those with existing health conditions are being urged to take extra precautions.
Authorities have also advised farmers and labourers to reschedule physically demanding work to early morning or late evening hours to reduce exposure to the worst heat.
Although occasional western disturbances or pre-monsoon showers may offer brief relief in isolated regions, experts say most of north India should brace for a difficult spell as Nautapa pushes temperatures to seasonal highs over the coming days.
