Stockholm: The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded to three American scientists — John Clarke, Michel Devoret, and John Martinis. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced the prestigious award on Tuesday.
The trio received the honour for their groundbreaking discovery of large-scale quantum tunneling and quantized energy levels in electrical circuits — a phenomenon once thought to be impossible in macroscopic systems.
In classical physics, a ball hitting a wall bounces back. But in the quantum world, tiny particles can sometimes pass through barriers instead of rebounding — a phenomenon known as quantum tunneling. These scientists have, for the first time, demonstrated this effect in large electrical circuits, bridging the gap between quantum theory and practical engineering.
They also observed discrete energy levels (quantization) within these systems, making their work a cornerstone in the development of next-generation quantum technologies.
Experts say this discovery could revolutionize quantum computing, semiconductors, and microchip design, paving the way for faster, more efficient, and powerful digital technologies. Quantum technology remains the foundation of the modern digital era.
The winners will receive 11 million Swedish kronor (approximately ₹10.3 crore), a gold medal, and an official certificate. The Nobel Prize award ceremony will take place on December 10 in Stockholm.
